CBE Education System

Understanding the CBE Model in Kenya

2-6-3-3-3 System: A Complete Guide to Competency-Based Education

Kenya's Competency-Based Education (CBE) system is designed to equip learners with practical skills, values, and competencies needed in real life. Replacing the 8-4-4 system, CBE follows the 2-6-3-3-3 structure and emphasizes continuous assessment over one-time exams.

This comprehensive guide explains how the system works, how learners are assessed from PP1 to Senior School, and how schools can stay compliant with KNEC assessment requirements.

The CBE Structure at a Glance

Level Years Grades Age Group Focus
Pre-Primary 2 PP1 – PP2 4–5 years Foundation skills
Lower Primary 3 Grade 1 – 3 6–8 years Literacy & numeracy
Upper Primary 3 Grade 4 – 6 9–11 years Skill-based learning
Junior Secondary (JSS) 3 Grade 7 – 9 12–15 years Career exploration
Senior School 3 Grade 10 – 12 15–18 years Career pathways
Tertiary 18+ years Professional training

Assessment Under CBE

CBE uses continuous and competency-based assessment rather than relying on final exams.

1. Classroom-Based Assessments (CBA)

  • Done regularly by teachers in class
  • Focus on projects, practical work, oral questions and group tasks
  • Accounts for 60% of final evaluation
  • Tracked termly using rubrics and performance levels

2. National Assessments by KNEC

Grade Assessment Type Purpose
Grade 3 SBA by KNEC National evaluation & LAN
Grade 4-5 CBA Skill development
Grade 6 KPSEA Certification & JSS transition
Grade 9 National Assessment Senior School transition
Grade 12 Career Pathway Exit credentials

The Learner Assessment Number (LAN)

From Grade 3, every learner receives a unique 10-digit KNEC Assessment Number that:

  • Stays with them for life, even if they change schools
  • Tracks academic progress across all grades
  • Helps build the Learner Profile and eventual School Leaving Certificate
  • Stores assessment history, behavior records, and competencies

Rubric-Based Assessment in PP1–PP2

At the pre-primary level, learners are not graded using marks. Instead, they are ranked using competency rubrics:

EE

Exceeding Expectations

Outstanding performance

ME

Meeting Expectations

Satisfactory performance

AE

Approaching Expectations

Developing skills

BE

Below Expectations

Needs support

Building the Learner Profile & Leaving Certificate

The School Leaving Certificate is built gradually starting from Grade 3 by compiling:

  • Continuous assessments
  • Projects and portfolios
  • Discipline records
  • Talent and co-curricular achievements
  • Community service activities

CBE Learning Areas

CBE organizes subjects into the following Learning Areas:

Languages

English, Kiswahili

Mathematics
Social Studies
Integrated Science
Pre-Technical Studies
Business Studies
Agriculture
Religious Education
Sports & PE
Performing & Visual Arts
ICT Skills

Why Schools Need a CBE-Compliant System

Managing CBE manually is difficult. Schools must track:

Essential CBE Requirements

  • Competency scores
  • Rubric assessments
  • Learner portfolios
  • CBA scores (60%) + National assessments (40%)
  • Learner Assessment Numbers
  • CBE-compliant report forms

This is why schools use SchoolFix, the #1 CBE-ready school management system in Kenya, to simplify academic tracking, assessments, and KNEC compliance.

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